http://ds.forlan.org.ua:80/handle/123456789/20 2026-04-18T03:34:04Z http://ds.forlan.org.ua:80/handle/123456789/746 Impact of a Problem-based Approach on IT Student Learning Yuliia Prokop, Natalia Nestoruk, Pavlo Chykunov, Olena Trofymenko Abstract—The study of the educational process of university students has revealed their need for more engagement in class. They seem unable to absorb material that does not require a certain level of mental tension, negatively affecting their academic performance and competence. Therefore, there is a need to develop pedagogical technology to optimize the educational process. We analyzed the educational process at the National University "Odesa Law Academy" in 2020-2023. We evaluated the effectiveness of ways and means of enhancing the academic and cognitive skills of 150 full-time IT students during their study of professional-oriented courses. We have improved students' educational and mental activities by optimizing the educational process through personalized problem-based learning, utilizing professionally oriented problem situations, and providing favorable motivational and emotional support. We confirmed the reliability of the research results using descriptive statistics.; Abstract—The study of the educational process of university students has revealed their need for more engagement in class. They seem unable to absorb material that does not require a certain level of mental tension, negatively affecting their academic performance and competence. Therefore, there is a need to develop pedagogical technology to optimize the educational process. We analyzed the educational process at the National University "Odesa Law Academy" in 2020-2023. We evaluated the effectiveness of ways and means of enhancing the academic and cognitive skills of 150 full-time IT students during their study of professional-oriented courses. We have improved students' educational and mental activities by optimizing the educational process through personalized problem-based learning, utilizing professionally oriented problem situations, and providing favorable motivational and emotional support. We confirmed the reliability of the research results using descriptive statistics. 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z http://ds.forlan.org.ua:80/handle/123456789/561 THE SOVIET TRADE UNIONS AND RESUMPTION OF THE LABOR DISPUTES INSTITUTION (1953 ‒ 1964) DOKASHENKO, Viktor; KONTSUR, Viktoria; ДОКАШЕНКО, Віктор; КОНЦУР, Вікторія The research objective is to identify and carry out the scientific tracing of the political component in the resumption of labour disputes against the general historical background of the trade union activities during the period of 1953 – 1964 (known as the Thaw) to define the causes and motives for the authorities’ interests about labour disputes to grow. The research methodology is based on general historical principles; it is supplemented and concretized by the elements of the theory of social and labour relations which in the most generalized form cover the relationship between three subjects of relations: workforce, an owner of production means and the state. The scientific novelty comprises the process of resumption of labour disputes which is analysed for the first time in the Ukrainian historiography in the context of forms and methods characteristic of political history based on the use of labour legislation of that period as a historical source in combination with traditional historical sources. There has been determined the nature and causes of collective and individual labour disputes latency in accordance with the political tasks of the Thaw. The Conclusions. The postwar resumption of the labour disputes institution which, in fact, began only in the mid-1950s, was influenced by two opposing tendencies: the need to change subject-object relations and the need to remain intact the dominant form of ownership and its political attributes. As a result of these mutually exclusive directions, collective disputes turned out to be outside the law and became the part of big politics. The trade unions that took care of these processes changed their function from social protection of workers to protection of political interests of the state. Мета дослідження – на історичному тлі профспілкової діяльності у період 1953 – 1964 рр. (відомий як доба “відлиги”) виокремити та здійснити наукове простеження політичного компонента проблеми відновлення практики трудових спорів з визначенням причин та мотивів зростання до нього владних інтересів. Методологія дослідження спирається на загальноісторичні принципи, а також доповнюється та конкретизується елементами теорії соціально-трудових відносин, що в найбільш узагальненому вигляді охоплюють взаємовідносини між трьома суб’єктами: робочою силою, власником засобів виробництва та державою. Наукова новизна полягає у тому, що вперше в українській історіографії у контексті форм і методів, характерних для політичної історії, на основі використання законодавства про працю “епохи відлиги” як історичного джерела в комплексі з традиційними історичними джерелами здійснено аналіз процесу відновлення інституту трудових спорів. Визначено природу та причини латентності їх колективних й індивідуальних різновидів відповідно до політичних завдань «відлиги». Висновки. Відправною точкою для висновків виступають політичні компоненти державної форми власності та планового ведення господарства і командно-адміністративної системи управлінн, що її супроводять. Повоєнне відновлення інституту трудових спорів, що фактично почалося лише з середини 50-х рр., відбувалося під впливом двох протидіючих тенденцій: потреби зміни суб’єктно-об’єктних відносин і необхідності утримання в непорушності панівної форми власності та її політичних атрибутів. У результаті дії цих взаємовиключних чинників колективні спори фактично опинилися поза межами права і стали частиною великої політики. У зв’язку з цим професійні спілки, які опікувалися цими процесами, поглибили видозміну функції з соціального захисту трудівників на захист політичних інтересів держави. 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z http://ds.forlan.org.ua:80/handle/123456789/546 The Artistic Modelling of History in the Aesthetic Consciousness of a Time Period as a Methodological Problem of Postmodernism Marchenko, Tatiana; Komarov, Sergii; Shkuropat, Maryna; Skliar, Iryna; Bielitska, Yevgeniya Created during a certain time period of the world’s art development, fictional history embodies not only a set of individual authorial creative acts, but it is the only "artistic-historical model" conditioned by a number of objective aesthetic and non-aesthetic factors. As such, fictional history represents an integral part of the national worldview. Its exploration requires a combinatorial unity of methods. The article proposes a set of modern methodological principles for studying the processes of artistic modelling of history in the aesthetic consciousness on the synchronous level (a certain time period) and their representation in literary works. The methods of academic literary criticism are combined with the advanced methods of modern interdisciplinary humanities that are based on postmodern philosophy. Thus, in the chosen combination of the scientific approaches, the heuristic potential of the structural-semiotic and structural-typological methods, mythopoetics and myth-restoration, imagology, hermeneutics and receptive aesthetics, correlates with the methods of systematic and descriptive analysis. Such diverse theoretical combinations, the existence of a kind of "methodological sinusoid" within the study, do not contradict, but complement each other. 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z http://ds.forlan.org.ua:80/handle/123456789/545 Man, Poetry and Nature in the Work of A.Yu. Krymsky: Actuality of Postmodern Communications Maksiuta, Mykola; Shtepenko, Oleksandra; Patlaichuk, Oksana; Skliar, Iryna; Yarova, Alla; Stupak, Olga The article analyzes the features of poetic reflection in the work of A. Krymsky in the relation "man-nature". Coverage of this problem in the conditions of postmodern philosophical discourse requires appropriate embeddedness in the national and cultural experience. Moreover, the poetry of A. Krymsky manifests the deep experiences of the Ukrainian man's ties with the natural world, which includes the actualization of the inner nature of man. The author seeks to "write out" the laws of the "moral constitution" according to which a person is worthy of his purpose of being in nature "has the right" to love according to the vocation of his convictions, his needs and inclinations. On the one hand, the author seems to call us to abide by these "laws", but, on the other hand, his thoughts divert from such categoricalness into the space of "identity" and confessional repentance. As follows from the above, the dignity of a person consists in the awakening and strengthening of an independent, responsible, formed on the path of enriching the inner life of a spiritual personality and the search for a free egress. And in this, in fact, the highest value of the relevance of postmodern self-communication in the interpretation of the poetic work of A. Krymsky is developed. 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z